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For projectiles in unpowered flight, its velocity is highest at leaving the muzzle and drops off steadily because of air resistance.Projectiles traveling less than the speed of sound (about 340 m/s (1,100 ft/s) in dry air at sea level) are subsonic, while those traveling faster are supersonic and thus can travel a substantial distance and even hit a target before a nearby observer hears the ...
MV: Muzzle velocity, in feet-per-second; ME: Muzzle energy, in foot-pounds; P: Momentum, in pound (force) (lbf) times seconds. [1] A guide to the recoil from the cartridge, and an indicator of bullet penetration potential. The .30-06 Springfield (at 2.064 lbf-s) is considered the upper limit for tolerable recoil for inexperienced rifle shooters ...
Note **: The horizontal range is the distance traveled by a bullet, fired from the rifle at a height of 1.6 meters and 0° elevation until the bullet hits the ground. [ 169 ] Note ***: The lethal range is the maximum range of a small-arms projectile, while still maintaining the minimum energy required to put a man out of action, which is ...
Nevertheless, handloaders may increase muzzle velocities. 165 and 168-grain bullets also offer a flat trajectory with higher ballistic coefficients, which retain accuracy and kinetic energy over distance. The most popular bullet weight is the 180-grain, which is commercially loaded to a muzzle velocity of 3,000 fps.
The standard M80 ball round weighs 147 gr and from an M14 rifle and M60 machine gun has a muzzle velocity 200 ft/s (61 m/s) faster than the M118LR 175 gr sniping round. However, the M80 drops to subsonic velocity around 900 m (984 yd), while the initially slower M118LR is supersonic out to 1,000 m (1,094 yd) due to its low-drag bullet. [12]
Bullet parts: 1 metal jacket, 2 lead core, 3 steel penetrator. Terminal ballistics is a sub-field of ballistics concerned with the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits and transfers its energy to a target. Bullet design (as well as the velocity of impact) largely determines the effectiveness of penetration. [1]
The second reference drag curve is adjusted to equal the Siacci/Mayevski retardation rate function at a projectile velocity of 2600 fps (792.5 m/s) using a .30-06 Springfield Cartridge, Ball, Caliber .30 M2 152 grains (9.8 g) rifle spitzer bullet with a slope or deceleration constant factor of 0.5 in the supersonic flight regime. In other ...
Most shooters, looking at the 9×25mm Dillon today, focus on the extreme velocities of which it is capable. A 115-grain bullet at 1,800 fps is more than is needed for competition. There, a 115 only needs to be going a bit over 1,500 ft/s to qualify for major power factor.