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Clinodactyly is an autosomal dominant trait that has variable expressiveness and incomplete penetrance. [citation needed] Clinodactyly can be passed through inheritance and presents as either an isolated anomaly or a component manifestation of a genetic syndrome. [2] Many syndromes are associated with clinodactyly, including those listed below.
Pierre Robin sequence-faciodigital anomaly syndrome, also known as Chitayat Meunier Hodgkinson syndrome, is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by the signs typical of Pierre Robin sequence along with facial dysmorphisms and digital anomalies.
X-linked recessive inheritance. Mutations in the FGD1 gene are the only known genetic cause of Aarskog-Scott syndrome. The FGD1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that turns on (activates) another protein called Cdc42, which transmits signals that are important for various aspects of development before and after birth.
Dysmorphic features can vary from isolated, mild anomalies such as clinodactyly or synophrys to severe congenital anomalies, such as heart defects and holoprosencephaly. In some cases, dysmorphic features are part of a larger clinical picture, sometimes known as a sequence, syndrome or association. [2]
Minor hand and foot anomalies such as slender or small hands and feet, broad fingertips, clinodactyly, tapered fingers, transverse palmar crease, flat feet with hindfoot valgus deformity, overriding toes, and short metatarsals have been reported. Absent flexion creases of the thumbs may occur with thumb ankylosis.
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder.People with Cornelia de Lange syndrome experience a range of physical, cognitive, and medical challenges ranging from mild to severe.
Pierre Robin sequence [a] (/ p j ɛər r ɔː ˈ b æ̃ /; [3] abbreviated PRS) is a congenital defect observed in humans which is characterized by facial abnormalities.The three main features are micrognathia (abnormally small mandible), which causes glossoptosis (downwardly displaced or retracted tongue), which in turn causes breathing problems due to obstruction of the upper airway.
Feingold syndrome is caused by mutations in the neuroblastoma-derived V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral-related oncogene (MYCN) which is located on the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p24.1).