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The 19th century in the United States refers to the period in the United States from 1801 through 1900 in the Gregorian calendar. For information on this period, see: History of the United States series: History of the United States (1789–1849) History of the United States (1849–1865) History of the United States (1865–1918) Historical eras:
The U.S. economy was primarily agricultural in the early 19th century. [8] [9] Westward expansion, including the Louisiana Purchase and American victory in the War of 1812 plus the building of canals and the introduction of steamboats opened up new areas for agriculture. Most farming was designed to produce food for the family, and service ...
Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century. ISBN 9780684804989. Finkelman, Paul, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of the New American Nation, 1754–1829. ISBN 9780684313467. Johnson, Paul E. (2006). The Early American Republic, 1789-1829. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195154238. Miller, John Chester (1960). The Federalist Era ...
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant revival movement that affected virtually all of society during the early 19th century and led to rapid church growth. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800, and, after 1820 membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations, whose preachers led the movement. It was ...
Other groups seeking spiritual awakening also gained popularity in the mid-19th century. Philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson began the American transcendentalist movement in New England, to promote self-reliance and better understanding of the universe through contemplation of the over-soul .
Mount Sinai Holy Church of America, 1924; Church of Universal Triumph, Dominion of God, 1944; Black theology, 1966; Native American Church, 1800 (19th century) [5] Reformed Mennonites, 1812; Restoration Movement, 1800s; various subgroups of Amish, throughout 19th and 20th centuries; American Unitarian Association, 1825
The European powers quickly realized the potential of the lands not yet colonized by Europeans and attempted to gain control of them. Nonetheless, Puerto Rico remained a Spanish possession until the 19th century. The last half of the 19th century was marked by the Puerto Rican struggle for sovereignty. A census conducted in 1860 revealed a ...
Mexico and the majority of the countries in Central America and South America obtained independence from colonial overlords during the 19th century. In 1804, Haiti gained independence from France. In Mexico , the Mexican War of Independence was a decade-long conflict that ended in Mexican independence in 1821.