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In phonetics, vowel roundedness is the amount of rounding in the lips during the articulation of a vowel. It is labialization of a vowel. When a rounded vowel is pronounced, the lips form a circular opening, and unrounded vowels are pronounced with the lips relaxed. In most languages, front vowels tend to be unrounded, and back vowels tend
close-mid back unrounded vowel: ɤ: withdrawn in 1928. ꬰ barred Latin alpha: open central unrounded vowel: ä, ɑ̈, ɐ̞, a̠, ɑ̟: Proposed by Charles-James N. Bailey in 1976 [13] ꜵ ao ligature open central unrounded vowel: ä, ɑ̈, ɐ̞, a̠, ɑ̟: Used by Leoni & Maturi (2002). [14] ᴇ: small capital e: mid front unrounded vowel: e̞ ...
Typographically, it is a turned letter m ; given its relation to the sound represented by the letter u , it can be considered a ligature of 2 u 's. The close back unrounded vowel can in many cases be considered the vocalic equivalent of the voiced velar approximant [ɰ]. Spectrogram of [ɯ]
The bullets are the cardinal vowel points. (A parallel diagram covers the front and central rounded and back unrounded vowels.) The cells indicate the ranges of articulation that could reasonably be transcribed with those cardinal vowel letters, [i, e, ɛ, a, ɑ, ɔ, o, u, ɨ], and non-cardinal [ə].
Vowel letters are also grouped in pairs – of unrounded and rounded vowel sounds – with these pairs also arranged from front on the left to back on the right, and from maximal closure at top to minimal closure at bottom.
The provision of diacritics by the International Phonetic Association further implies that intermediate values may also be reliably recognized, so that a phonetician might be able to produce and recognize not only a close-mid front unrounded vowel [e] and an open-mid front unrounded vowel [ɛ] but also a mid front unrounded vowel [e̞], a ...
near-close central unrounded vowel [ɨ̞] (ᵻ) near-close central compressed vowel [ʏ̈] near-close central protruded vowel [ʉ̞] (ᵿ) near-close near-back unrounded vowel [ɯ̽] or [ɯ̞̈] near-close near-back compressed vowel [ʊᵝ] (IPA letters for rounded vowels are ambiguous as to whether the rounding is protrusion or compression ...
The spread-lip diacritic ͍ may also be used with a rounded vowel letter o͍ as an ad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded. Only Wu Chinese is known to contrast it with the more typical protruded (endolabial) close-mid back vowel, but the height of both vowels varies from close to close-mid. [6]