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Johan Vincent Galtung (24 October 1930 – 17 February 2024) was a Norwegian sociologist and the principal founder of the discipline of peace and conflict studies. [1] He was the main founder of the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) in 1959 and was its first director until 1970.
Norwegian sociologist, peace researcher and practitioner Johan Galtung proposed the idea of peace journalism for journalists to follow to show how a value bias towards violence can be avoided when covering war and conflict. [8]
It was established by Johan Galtung in 1964 and emerged as a leading journal in the field of peace and conflict studies and International Relations under the editorship of Nils Petter Gleditsch (1976-1977, 1983-2010). The current editors-in-chief are Gudrun Østby and Sebastian Schutte (all are/were researchers at the Peace Research Institute ...
Johan Galtung's conflict triangle works on the assumption that the best way to define peace is to define violence, its opposite. It reflects the normative aim of preventing, managing, limiting and overcoming violence.
The Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO; Norwegian: Institutt for fredsforskning) is a private research institution in peace and conflict studies, based in Oslo, Norway, with around 100 employees. It was founded in 1959 by a group of Norwegian researchers led by Johan Galtung , who was also the institute's first director (1959–1969).
Structural violence is a form of violence wherein some social structure or social institution may harm people by preventing them from meeting their basic needs or rights.. The term was coined by Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung, who introduced it in his 1969 article "Violence, Peace, and Peace Research". [1]
Violence and peace can be defined in terms of Johan Galtung's extended conceptualization of peace, [2] [3] according to which peace is not merely the absence of personal (direct) violence and war (= negative peace), but also the absence of structural (indirect) and cultural violence (= positive peace). [4]
Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung coined the term "peacebuilding" in 1975, arguing that "peace has a structure different from, perhaps over and above, peacekeeping and ad hoc peacemaking... The mechanisms that peace is based on should be built into the structure and be present as a reservoir for the system itself to draw up. ...