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In chemistry, orthosilicate is the anion SiO 4− 4, or any of its salts and esters. It is one of the silicate anions. It is occasionally called the silicon tetroxide anion or group. [1] Orthosilicate salts, like sodium orthosilicate, are stable, and occur widely in nature as silicate minerals, being the defining feature of the nesosilicates. [2]
Orthosilicic acid (/ ˌ ɔːr θ ə s ɪ ˈ l ɪ s ɪ k /) is an inorganic compound with the formula Si(O H) 4. Although rarely observed, it is the key compound of silica and silicates and the precursor to other silicic acids [H 2x SiO x+2] n. Silicic acids play important roles in biomineralization and technology.
4−x] n, where 0 ≤ x < 2. The family includes orthosilicate SiO 4− 4 (x = 0), metasilicate SiO 2− 3 (x = 1), and pyrosilicate Si 2 O 6− 7 (x = 0.5, n = 2). The name is also used for any salt of such anions, such as sodium metasilicate; or any ester containing the corresponding chemical group, such as tetramethyl orthosilicate. [1]
Inosilicates (from Greek ἴς is [genitive: ἰνός inos] 'fibre'), or chain silicates, have interlocking chains of silicate tetrahedra with either SiO 3, 1:3 ratio, for single chains or Si 4 O 11, 4:11 ratio, for double chains. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.D – examples include:
x · (SiO 2) y, such as sodium metasilicate (Na 2 SiO 3), sodium orthosilicate (Na 4 SiO 4), and sodium pyrosilicate (Na 6 Si 2 O 7). The anions are often polymeric. These compounds are generally colorless transparent solids or white powders, and soluble in water in various amounts.
Sodium orthosilicate is the chemical compound with the molecular formula Na 4 SiO 4. It is one of the sodium silicates, specifically an orthosilicate, formally a salt of the unstable orthosilicic acid H 4 SiO 4. [2] [3] [4]
Unit cell of Ca 2 SiO 4. Color code: red (O), blue (Ca), gold (Si). As verified by X-ray crystallography, calcium silicate is a dense solid consisting of tetrahedral orthosilicate (SiO 4 4-) units linked to Ca 2+ via Si-O-Ca bridges. There are two calcium sites. One is seven coordinate and the other is eight coordinate. [11]
Substitution of calcium ions or orthosilicate ions requires that electric charges be kept in balance. For instance, a limited number of orthosilicate (SiO 4− 4) ions can be replaced with sulfate (SO 2− 4) ions, provided that for each sulfate ion, two aluminate (AlO 5− 4) ions are also substituted.