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Ancient medical instruments, Temple of Kom Ombo. Egyptian medical papyri are ancient Egyptian texts written on papyrus which permit a glimpse at medical procedures and practices in ancient Egypt. These papyri give details on disease, diagnosis, and remedies of disease, which include herbal remedies, surgery, and magical incantations.
Warren R. Dawson, a noted medical historian, emphasized that Egypt possesses the earliest known medical texts, experimental surgeries, and medical terminology. According to Dawson, Egyptians were the first to make substantial contributions to the advancement of medicine, with medical practices dating back over five thousand years.
As with most ancient Egyptian medical papyri, these documents mainly dealt with ailments, diseases, the structure of the body, and proposed remedies used to heal these afflictions, [1] namely ophthalmologic ailments, gynaecology, muscles, tendons, and diseases of children. [2] It is the only well-known papyrus to describe these in great detail. [1]
Inscription detailing ancient Egyptian medical instruments, including bone saws, suction cups, knives and scalpels, retractors, scales, lances, chisels and dental tools. Bandage — The Ancient Egyptians were the first to use adhesive bandages and were also the first to treat wounds with Honey. [74] [75]
In 1862 he came temporarily into possession of a medical papyrus which was sold by its Egyptian owner to Georg Ebers in 1873 and published by Ebers in 1875. [3] It was thus best known as the Ebers Papyrus. In 1862 he also purchased the papyrus which came to bear his name, the Edwin Smith Papyrus, from a dealer called Mustapha Aga at Luxor. [4]
The Ebers Papyrus, also known as Papyrus Ebers, is an Egyptian medical papyrus of herbal knowledge dating to c. 1550 BC (the late Second Intermediate Period or early New Kingdom). Among the oldest and most important medical papyri of Ancient Egypt, it was purchased at Luxor in the winter of 1873–1874 by the German Egyptologist Georg Ebers.
The Edwin Smith Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian medical text, named after Edwin Smith who bought it in 1862, and the oldest known surgical treatise [2] on trauma.. This document, which may have been a manual of military surgery, describes 48 cases of injuries, fractures, wounds, dislocations and tumors. [3]
The Hearst Papyrus, also called the Hearst Medical Papyrus, [1] is one of the medical papyri of ancient Egypt.It was named after Phoebe Hearst. [2] The papyrus contains 18 pages of medical prescriptions written in hieratic Egyptian writing, concentrating on treatments for problems dealing with the urinary system, blood, hair, and bites. [2]