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A positive reading gap means that girls outperform boys (this is true in every country, so no country has a negative reading gap). There is a negative correlation between the mathematics and reading gender gaps, that is, nations with a larger mathematics gap have a smaller reading gap and vice versa. [1]
The gender gap in boys' favor is slightly bigger in mathematics but improvements over time in girls’ favor are also observed in certain countries, despite the important regional variations. Gender differences are observed within mathematical sub-topics with girls outperforming boys in topics such as algebra and geometry but doing less well in ...
This is important because course-taking represents a large gender gap in what courses males and females take, which leads to different educational and occupational paths between males and females. For example, females tend to take fewer advanced mathematical and scientific courses, thus leading them to be ill-equipped to pursue these careers in ...
The gender gap in mathematics is particularly large among the highest-achieving students; for example, there is a 2.1 to 1 male-female ratio among students who score an 800 on the math portion of the SAT. [21] At least one study has challenged the existence of the gender gap in mathematics.
A gender gap, a relative disparity between people of different genders, is reflected in a variety of sectors in many societies. There exist differences between men and women as reflected in social, political, intellectual, cultural, scientific and economic attainments or attitudes.
However, overall, the gender gap in math and science for boys and girls from similar socio-economic backgrounds was not significant. [32] On the math portion of the 2019 TIMMS, taken at a similar age as the PISA, girls outperformed boys by 3 points on average, although the difference was not statistically significant. [33]
This is a list of women who have made noteworthy contributions to or achievements in mathematics. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] These include mathematical research, mathematics education , [ 1 ] : xii the history and philosophy of mathematics, public outreach, and mathematics contests .
The gender-equality paradox is the finding that various gender differences in personality and occupational choice are larger in more gender equal countries. Larger differences are found in Big Five personality traits , Dark Triad traits , self-esteem, depression, personal values, occupational and educational choices.