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Texas in the United States. The U.S. state of Texas has long been a center for musical innovation and is the birthplace of many notable musicians. Texans have pioneered developments in Tejano and Conjunto music, Rock 'n Roll, Western swing, jazz, Piano, punk rock, country, hip-hop, electronic music, gothic industrial music, religious music, mariachi, psychedelic rock, zydeco and the blues.
Mary Lou Williams was a pioneering jazz pianist and composer who created jazz masses in the 1950s, including tributes to Martin Luther King Jr., and is considered foundational to sacred jazz. As noted above, jazz has incorporated from its inception aspects of African-American sacred music including spirituals and hymns.
Jazz was played in these speakeasies as a countercultural type of music to fit in with the illicit environment and events going on. [21] Jazz artists were therefore hired to play at speakeasies. Al Capone, the famous organized crime leader, gave jazz musicians previously living in poverty a steady and professional income.
Texas blues began to appear in the early 1900s among African Americans who worked in oilfields, ranches and lumber camps. In the 1920s, Blind Lemon Jefferson innovated the style by using jazz-like improvisation and single string accompaniment on a guitar; Jefferson's influence defined the field and inspired later performers.
The first jazz recording was made by Sidney Bechet in 1954 under the title "La Complainte de Mackie". Louis Armstrong's 1955 version established the song's popularity in the jazz world. [88] It is also known as "The Ballad of Mack the Knife". [88] "Nagasaki" [89] is a jazz song composed by Harry Warren with lyrics by Mort Dixon.
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He cites various jazz performers for the natural quality of their sound production, sound that makes each performer readily identifiable. A final brief section in this chapter, on improvisation, states that group improvisation, a hallmark of early jazz, is a distinctively African practice. Schuller counters a variety of other theories of the ...
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