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German physicist Heinrich Hertz first demonstrated the existence of radio waves in 1887 using what we now know as a dipole antenna (with capacitative end-loading). On the other hand, Guglielmo Marconi empirically found that he could just ground the transmitter (or one side of a transmission line, if used) dispensing with one half of the antenna, thus realizing the vertical or monopole antenna.
A halo antenna, or halo, is a center-fed 1 / 2 wavelength dipole antenna, which has been bent into a circle, with a break directly opposite the feed point. The dipole's ends are close, but do not touch, and the ends on either side of the gap may be flared out to form a larger air gap capacitor , whose spacing is used to fine-adjust the ...
More formally called an off-center-fed dipole. [f] The modern 'Windom' is a dipole which is fed approximately one third of the distance from one of its ends, but otherwise erected like an ordinary dipole, including most dipole variations (such as inverted-'V' and sloper dipoles). The strategically chosen offset feed location has a fairly high ...
The top shows the directive pattern of a horn antenna, the bottom shows the omnidirectional pattern of a simple vertical dipole antenna. In the field of antenna design the term radiation pattern (or antenna pattern or far-field pattern) refers to the directional (angular) dependence of the strength of the radio waves from the antenna or other ...
A sloper is typically fed with a coaxial cable in the center, at the top of the center support mast. At least 1 ⁄ 4 of the wavelength of feedline must be at 90° angle to the antenna. [ 3 ] It is also possible to feed the antenna asymmetrically. [ 5 ]
Varying the position and length of the antenna, and adding loading stubs near its center can alter the sequence of feasible frequencies, and add more frequencies to the list. Among this family of off-center-fed designs are “Carolina Windom” (deliberately exploits feedline radiation), [6] K5GP antenna (center loading for low bands), [7]
The antenna pattern is the response of the antenna to a plane wave incident from a given direction or the relative power density of the wave transmitted by the antenna in a given direction. For a reciprocal antenna, these two patterns are identical. A multitude of antenna pattern measurement techniques have been developed.
A turnstile antenna, or crossed-dipole antenna, [1] is a radio antenna consisting of a set of two identical dipole antennas mounted at right angles to each other and fed in phase quadrature; the two currents applied to the dipoles are 90° out of phase. [2] [3] The name reflects the notion the antenna looks like a turnstile when mounted ...