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Frans Wiggermann proposes that Tishpak was one of the deities he describes as "transtigridian snake gods," [17] a group which he assumes developed on the boundary between Sumero-Akkadian and Elamite culture to which he also assigns gods such as Ninazu, Ningishzida, Ishtaran (the tutelary god of Der) and the Elamite Inshushinak (the tutelary god ...
Inscription: "To the god Ningiszida, his god, Gudea, Ensi (governor) of Lagash, for the prolongation of his life, has dedicated this" The name Ningishzida inscribed on a statue of Ur-Ningirsu . Seal of Gudea depicting him being led by Ningishzida (figure with snakes emerging from his shoulders)
Inshushinak is attested in the god list An = Anum (tablet V, line 286). [100] He appears in it as a member of a group of deities associated with the underworld and with snakes alongside Ereshkigal, Ninazu, Ningishzida, Tishpak, Ishtaran and their courtiers, such as Irnina or Nirah. [101] However, no courtiers or family members are attributed to ...
The mušḫuššu (𒈲𒍽; formerly also read as sirrušu or sirrush) or mushkhushshu (Akkadian pronunciation: [muʃˈχuʃ.ʃum]) is a creature from ancient Mesopotamian mythology. A mythological hybrid , it is a scaly animal with hind legs resembling the talons of an eagle , lion -like forelimbs, a long neck and tail, two horns on its head ...
The name Nirah means "little snake" in Sumerian. [1] It could be written with the logogram d MUŠ, as already attested in third millennium BCE texts from Ebla. [1] However, this logogram could also designate Ištaran, [2] Ninazu, [3] the tutelary god of Susa, Inshushinak, [4] the tutelary god of Eshnunna, Tishpak, [5] and the primordial river deity Irḫan. [2]
The Caduceus, symbol of God Ningishzida, on the libation vase of Sumerian ruler Gudea, circa 2100 BCE. Snake worship is devotion to serpent deities. The tradition is nearly universal in the religions and mythologies of ancient cultures, [1] where snakes were seen as the holders of knowledge, strength, and renewal. [2]
In later Babylonian god lists, Ereshkigal held a senior status among the underworld deities, ruling over the category of so-called "transtigridian snake gods" (such as Ninazu, Tishpak, Ishtaran, and the Elamite god Inshushinak, in Mesopotamia known almost exclusively in the afterlife context), [13] while Nergal, who fulfilled analogous ...
It is also possible that depictions of snakes on kudurru (boundary stones) represented Ištaran as a judge deity resolving conflicts over land. [29] Frans Wiggermann additionally assumes that a god depicted with the upper body of a human and the lower body of a snake, known from cylinder seals from the Sargonic period, might be Ištaran. [12]