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Commands to the different applications must be done explicitly through these application objects in order to work correctly. As an example, VBA code written in Microsoft Access can establish references to the Excel, Word and Outlook libraries; this allows creating an application that – for instance – runs a query in Access, exports the ...
Even read-only operations like calculating the length of a list require a large number of reads and writes for reference updates with naive reference counting. One simple technique is for the compiler to combine a number of nearby reference updates into one. This is especially effective for references which are created and quickly destroyed.
VBA was restored in the next version, Mac Excel 2011, [29] although the build lacks support for ActiveX objects, impacting some high level developer tools. [30] A common and easy way to generate VBA code is by using the Macro Recorder. [31] The Macro Recorder records actions of the user and generates VBA code in the form of a macro.
In computer science, a for-loop or for loop is a control flow statement for specifying iteration. Specifically, a for-loop functions by running a section of code repeatedly until a certain condition has been satisfied. For-loops have two parts: a header and a body. The header defines the iteration and the body is the code executed once per ...
Recently, Racket has combined the notions of hygienic macros with a "tower of evaluators", so that the syntactic expansion time of one macro system is the ordinary runtime of another block of code, [23] and showed how to apply interleaved expansion and parsing in a non-parenthesized language.
The variable used in the inner loop switches to the outer loop, and vice versa. It is often done to ensure that the elements of a multi-dimensional array are accessed in the order in which they are present in memory, improving locality of reference. For example, in the code fragment: for j from 0 to 20 for i from 0 to 10 a[i,j] = i + j
More generally, there are d! possible orders for a given array, one for each permutation of dimensions (with row-major and column-order just 2 special cases), although the lists of stride values are not necessarily permutations of each other, e.g., in the 2-by-3 example above, the strides are (3,1) for row-major and (1,2) for column-major.
Often, consuming code registers a callback for a particular type of event. When that event occurs, the callback is called. Callbacks are often used to program the graphical user interface (GUI) of a program that runs in a windowing system. The application supplies a reference to a custom callback function for the windowing system to call.