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Myleusnema bicornis is an intestinal parasite of Myleus ternetzi, or "Ternetz's Silver Dollar", a freshwater Characoid fish commonly found in the French Guiana river. [1] M. bicornis has several unusual morphological characteristics, namely the two postcloacal "horns" in the posterior of males, and a separate elongated cephalic region (head) that may be extended and retracted. [2]
Anisakis simplex, known as the herring worm, is a species of nematode in the genus Anisakis. Like other nematodes, it infects and settles in the organs of marine animals, such as salmon, mackerels and squids. [2] [3] It is commonly found in cold marine waters, such as the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean. [4] [5]
The genus Anisakis was defined in 1845 [2] by Félix Dujardin as a subgenus of the genus Ascaris Linnaeus, 1758.Dujardin did not make explicit the etymology, but stated that the subgenus included the species in which the males have unequal spicules ("mâles ayant des spicules inégaux"); thus, the name Anisakis is based on anis-(Greek prefix for different) and akis (Greek for spine or spicule).
Contracaecum larvae can infect humans, the human disease caused by infection of Anisakid nematodes such as Contracaecum is called anisakiasis (or anisakidosis) which is a painful and severe condition with infection usually being caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish which are host to the third stage larvae.
The Anisakidae are a family of intestinal nematodes (roundworms). The larvae of these worms can cause anisakiasis when ingested by humans, in raw or insufficiently cooked fish. Anisakidae worms can infect many species of fish, birds, mammals and even reptiles. [1] They have some traits that are common with other parasites.
Intestinal parasite prevention methods are not isolated to specific geographical areas; however, many of the research-based interventions have primarily taken place in underdeveloped countries and regions, where sanitation is a large concern for spreading disease.
These can be categorized into three groups; cestodes, nematodes and trematodes. Examples include: Acanthocephala; Ascariasis (roundworms) Cestoda (tapeworms) including: Taenia saginata (human beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (human pork tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm) and Echinococcosis (hydatid tapeworm)
A. lumbricoides is the largest intestinal roundworm and is the most common helminth infection of humans worldwide. Infestation can cause morbidity by compromising nutritional status, [ 3 ] affecting cognitive processes, [ 4 ] inducing tissue reactions such as granuloma to larval stages, and by causing intestinal obstruction , which can be fatal.