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Ilex crenata, also known as Japanese holly or box-leaved holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae, native to eastern China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Sakhalin. [ 1 ] It is an evergreen shrub growing to a height of 3–4 m (rarely 10 m) tall, with a trunk diameter up to 20 cm.
The Royal Horticultural Society notes that pesticides are unlikely to be effective against P. ilicis because the thick and glossy holly leaf prevents sprays from penetrating into the leaf. It highlights that P. ilicis has little impact on the health of the Ilex plant, but that leaves could be manually removed on smaller plants. [16]
Holly – more specifically the European holly, Ilex aquifolium – is commonly referenced at Christmas time, and is often referred to by the name Christ's thorn. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] In many Western Christian cultures, holly is a traditional Christmas decoration , [ 46 ] used especially in wreaths and illustrations, for instance on Christmas cards .
Resembling those of holly, its leaves are a dark shiny green colour, and variously obovate (egg-shaped), elliptic, truncate or undulate (wavy) in shape, and 3–10 cm (1.2–3.9 in) long. Generally serrated, the leaf edges have up to 14 prickly "teeth" separated by broad v- to u-shaped sinuses along each side, although some leaves have margins ...
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The native holly is a shrub or rarely a small tree up to 6 m (20 ft) tall. The trunk is usually crooked, with pale grey smooth bark, and some pustules and lenticels. Small branches are greenish or fawn in colour, with paler lenticels. [4] [5] The leaves are holly-like in appearance, 2 to 8 cm (0.8 to 3 in) long and 2 to 5 cm (0.8 to 2 in) wide.
Yaupon holly is an evergreen shrub or small tree reaching 5–9 m tall, with smooth, light gray bark and slender, hairy shoots. The leaf arrangement is alternate, with leaves ovate to elliptical and a rounded apex with crenate or coarsely serrated margin, 1–4.5 cm long and 1–2 cm broad, glossy dark green above, slightly paler below.
Ilex aquifolium is the species of holly long associated with Christmas, and previously the Roman festival of Saturnalia. Its glossy green prickly leaves and bright red berries (produced only by the female plant) are represented in wreaths, garlands and cards wherever Christmas is celebrated.