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The nauplii will go through three stages before molting into copepodids, which associate with fish gills. [2] After a further five stages and mating, the male leaves the host and dies, while the female transitions into the anchored stage (may move to different fish host). [2] An anchor worm Lernaea sp. parasite on a Murray cod
Like most parasitic copepods it is the female which is parasitic in Pennella while the males are free swimming. The female has a two host life cycle and egg production commences when an inseminated female settles on its ultimate host, usually a large marine fish such as a member of the cod family Gadidae or tuna.
Copepods (/ ˈ k oʊ p ə p ɒ d /; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat.Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as ...
It is among the largest of copepods, ranging in size from 2 to 3 millimetres (3 ⁄ 32 to 1 ⁄ 8 inch) when it matures as a copepodid larva to more than 40 mm (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) as a sessile adult. Lernaeocera branchialis is ectoparasitic , which means it is a parasite that lives primarily on the surface of its hosts.
Lernaeopodidae is a family of parasitic copepods. [1] [2] The females are typically large and fleshy, and attach to the host permanently using a plug made of chitin called the bulla. The males cling on to the females using their antennae. [2] They parasitize both marine and freshwater fish.
The adult female copepod is parasitic while the adult male is free-living. The head and neck of the female burrow into the host fish and large, hard cysts are formed in the host's organs. [4] The attachment is made by hooking to the fish with the prehensile second antennae, the remaining parts of the copepod's body hanging free. [5]
Lepeophtheirus pectoralis is a species of parasitic copepod from the northeast Atlantic Ocean, and the type species of the genus Lepeophtheirus. [1] It is a parasite of flatfish, with the European flounder (Platichthys flesus), the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), and the dab (Limanda limanda) as the most frequent hosts. [2]
Peniculisa furcata Krøyer, 1863 – parasite of Paramonacanthus frenatus (Peters, 1855), reported as syn. Paramonacanthus barnardi [7] Peniculisa ohirugi Uyeno & Nagasawa, 2010 – parasite of Pomacentrus nagasakiensis [3] Peniculisa shiinoi Izawa, 1965 – parasite of Canthigaster rivulata [8] [9]