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Most cell types in loose connective tissue are transient wandering cells that migrate from local blood vessels in response to specific stimuli. Loose connective tissue, therefore, is a site of inflammatory and immune reactions. In areas of the body where foreign substances are continually present, large populations of immune cells are maintained.
Tendon cells synthesize the tendon's extracellular matrix, which abounds with densely-packed collagen fibers. The collagen fibers run parallel to each other and are grouped into fascicles. Each fascicle is bound by an endotendineum, which is a delicate loose connective tissue containing thin collagen fibrils [4] [5] and elastic fibers. [6]
Tendon cells, or tenocytes, are elongated fibroblast type cells. The cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. They have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. Tendon cells have a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and they are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance.
Dense connective tissue also known as fibrous tissue [8] is subdivided into dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue. [9] Dense regular connective tissue, found in structures such as tendons and ligaments , is characterized by collagen fibers arranged in an orderly parallel fashion, giving it tensile strength in one direction.
Endomysium combines with perimysium and epimysium to create the collagen fibers of tendons, providing the tissue connection between muscles and bones by indirect attachment. [4] It connects with perimysium using intermittent perimysial junction plates. [5] Collagen is the major protein that composes connective tissues like endomysium. [6]
Loose connective tissue is characterized by few fibers and cells, and a relatively large amount of ground substance. Dense connective tissue has a smaller amount of ground substance compared to the fibrous material. [2] The meaning of the term has evolved over time. [5]
Epimysium (plural epimysia [1]) (Greek epi-for on, upon, or above + Greek mys for muscle) is the fibrous tissue envelope that surrounds muscle. [2] It is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle and protects muscles from friction against other muscles and bones. [3]
Juncturae tendinum are narrow bands of connective tissues that extend between the tendons of the extensor digitorum communis and the extensor digiti minimi. [1] [2] It is classified into three distinct types (Type 1, 2 and 3) depending on morphology. [3] Type 1: This is a thin and filamentous juncturae tendinum. Its shape can either be square ...