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There is a distinction between grammatical aspect, as described here, and lexical aspect. Other terms for the contrast lexical vs. grammatical include: situation vs. viewpoint and inner vs. outer. [10] [11] Lexical aspect, also known as Aktionsart, is an inherent property of a verb or verb-complement phrase, and is not marked formally. The ...
Tense–aspect–mood (commonly abbreviated tam in linguistics) or tense–modality–aspect (abbreviated as tma) is an important group of grammatical categories, which are marked in different ways by different languages. [1]
In linguistics, a tenseless language is a language that does not have a grammatical category of tense. Tenseless languages can and do refer to time , but they do so using lexical items such as adverbs or verbs, or by using combinations of aspect , mood , and words that establish time reference. [ 21 ]
As with other grammatical categories, the precise semantics of the aspects vary from language to language, and from grammarian to grammarian. For example, some grammars of Turkish count the -iyor form as a present tense ; [ 1 ] some as a progressive tense; [ 2 ] and some as both a continuous (nonhabitual imperfective) and a progressive ...
However, the proposal that aspect generally can explain relative tense has been argued against on the basis of cross-linguistic data. [5] Some authors use the term anterior to refer to the perfect, and consider it under the heading of (relative) tense. Joan Bybee remarks that "[anterior] seems to resemble a tense more than an aspect, since it ...
Verbs in Hindi-Urdu have their grammatical aspects overtly marked. Periphrastic Hindi-Urdu verb forms (participle verb forms) consist of two elements, the first of these two elements is the aspect marker and the second element (the copula) is the common tense-mood marker. [1]