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Cefalexin, also spelled cephalexin, is an antibiotic that can treat a number of bacterial infections. [4] It kills gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the growth of the bacterial cell wall. [ 4 ]
Urinary anti-infective agent, also known as urinary antiseptic, is medication that can eliminate microorganisms causing urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI can be categorized into two primary types: cystitis , which refers to lower urinary tract or bladder infection, and pyelonephritis , which indicates upper urinary tract or kidney infection. [ 1 ]
Lower urinary tract infection is also referred to as a bladder infection. The most common symptoms are burning with urination and having to urinate frequently (or an urge to urinate) in the absence of vaginal discharge and significant pain. [4] These symptoms may vary from mild to severe [10] and in healthy women last an average of six days. [19]
Urinary bladder disease includes urinary bladder inflammation such as cystitis, bladder rupture and bladder obstruction (tamponade).Cystitis is common, sometimes referred to as urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacteria, bladder rupture occurs when the bladder is overfilled and not emptied while bladder tamponade is a result of blood clot formation near the bladder outlet.
In humans, S. saprophyticus is found in the normal flora of the female genital tract [3] and perineum. [4] It has been isolated from other sources, too, including meat and cheese products, vegetables, the environment, and human and animal gastrointestinal tracts. [4] S. saprophyticus causes 10–20% of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Documented human clinical infections caused by P. penneri have been limited to the urinary tract and to wounds of the abdomen, groin, neck, and ankle. [8] This species is isolated from individuals in long-term care facilities and hospitals and from patients who are immunocompromised or suffering from underlying disease.