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Urobilin or urochrome is the chemical primarily responsible for the yellow color of urine. It is a linear tetrapyrrole compound that, along with the related colorless compound urobilinogen , are degradation products of the cyclic tetrapyrrole heme .
In biliary obstruction, below-normal amounts of conjugated bilirubin reach the intestine for conversion to urobilinogen. With limited urobilinogen available for reabsorption and excretion, the amount of urobilin found in the urine is low. High amounts of the soluble conjugated bilirubin enter the circulation where they are excreted via the kidneys.
Usually urination color comes primarily from the presence of urobilin. [11] Urobilin is a final waste product resulting from the breakdown of heme from hemoglobin during the destruction of aging blood cells. [12] [13] Colorless urine indicates over-hydration.
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Normal urine contains very little protein, usually less than 100–300 mg/L or 100 mg per 24 hours is excreted. This protein consists primarily of low-molecular-weight serum proteins that have been filtered by the glomerulus and proteins produced in the genitourinary tract.
Sometimes a supplement, medication, or food can cause your urine to turn green, but it's usually not something you need to be worried about.