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In music theory, a distinction is made [7] between a diatonic semitone, or minor second (an interval encompassing two different staff positions, e.g. from C to D ♭) and a chromatic semitone or augmented unison (an interval between two notes at the same staff position, e.g. from C to C ♯).
In music theory a diatonic scale is a heptatonic (seven-note) scale that includes five whole steps (whole tones) and two half steps (semitones) in each octave, in which the two half steps are separated from each other by either two or three whole steps.
Namely, the apotome (about 113.69 cents, e.g. from C to C ♯) is the chromatic semitone, or augmented unison (A1), while the limma (about 90.23 cents, e.g. from C to D ♭) is the diatonic semitone, or minor second (m2). A ditone (or major third) is an interval formed by two major tones. In Pythagorean tuning, a major tone has a size of about ...
For instance, in the B-natural minor diatonic scale, the three notes are B–C ♯ –D. This is not true for all kinds of scales. For instance, in a chromatic scale, there are four notes from B to D: B–C–C ♯ –D. This is the reason interval numbers are also called diatonic numbers, and this convention is called diatonic numbering.
Melodies can be based on a diatonic scale and maintain its tonal characteristics but contain many accidentals, up to all twelve tones of the chromatic scale, such as the opening of Henry Purcell's "Thy Hand, Belinda" from Dido and Aeneas (1689) with figured bass), which features eleven of twelve pitches while chromatically descending by half steps, [1] the missing pitch being sung later.
Thus, S is the greater semitone, and X is the lesser one. S is commonly called the diatonic semitone (or minor second), while X is called the chromatic semitone (or augmented unison). The sizes of S and X can be compared to the just intonated ratio 18 : 17 which is 99.0 cents. S deviates from it by +18.2 cents, and X by −22.9 cents. These two ...
B Flat notes. B ♭ (B-flat), or, in some European countries, B, is the eleventh step of the Western chromatic scale (starting from C).It lies a diatonic semitone above A and a chromatic semitone below B, [1] thus being enharmonic to A ♯, even though in some musical tunings, B ♭ will have a different sounding pitch than A ♯.
For the ordinary diatonic scales described here, the T-s are tones and the s-s are semitones which are half, or approximately half the size of the tone.But in the more general regular diatonic tunings, the two steps can be of any relation within the range between T = 171.43 ¢ (for s = T at the high extreme) and T = 240 ¢ (for s = 0 at the low extreme) in musical cents (fifth, p5, between 685 ...