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Evening primrose oil is considered likely as safe in recommended doses. [ 5 ] [ 24 ] It may increase the risk of bleeding, a concern for patients with bleeding disorders or taking drugs that may increase bleeding. [ 5 ]
The evening primrose flower (O. biennis) produces an oil containing a high content of γ-linolenic acid, a type of omega−6 fatty acid.Omega−6 fatty acids (also referred to as ω−6 fatty acids or n−6 fatty acids) are a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that share a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n−6 position, that is, the sixth bond, counting from the methyl end.
Borage seed oil is derived from the seeds of the plant, Borago officinalis (borage). [1] Borage seed oil has one of the highest amounts of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) of seed oils — higher than blackcurrant seed oil or evening primrose oil, to which it is considered similar. GLA is typically composed of about 24% of the oil.
The main phytochemical in this evening primrose seed oil is gamma-linolenic acid. [21] There is no high-quality scientific evidence that O. biennis or evening primrose oil has any effect on human diseases or promotion of health, [21] [22] and specifically no evidence that it is effective to treat atopic dermatitis or cancer.
A randomized controlled trial on patients diagnosed with post viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS) and deficient RBC levels, using essential fatty acids consisting of evening primrose oil containing n-6 GLA together with fishoil concentrate containing n-3 EPA and DHA showed significant overall improvement in symptoms and RBC essential fatty acid ...
Normal safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oil does not contain GLA, but a genetically modified GLA safflower oil available in commercial quantities since 2011 contains 40% GLA. [5] Borage oil contains 20% GLA, evening primrose oil ranges from 8% to 10% GLA, and black-currant oil contains 15–20%. [6] The human body produces GLA from linoleic ...