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The authors use the term communism to mean Leninist and Marxist–Leninist communism, [8]: ix–x i.e., the actually existing communist regimes and "real socialism" of the 20th century; they distinguish it from small-c communism, which has existed for millennia, while capital-c Communism began in 1917 with the Bolshevik Revolution, which Stéphane Courtois describes as a coup.
At the start of the 20th century, the Russian Empire was an autocracy controlled by Tsar Nicholas II, with millions of the country's largely agrarian population living in abject poverty. The anti-communist historian Robert Service noted that "poverty and oppression constituted the best soil for Marxism to grow in". [110]
Neo-Marxism is a Marxist school of thought originating from 20th-century approaches [30] [31] [32] to amend or extend [33] Marxism and Marxist theory, typically by incorporating elements from other intellectual traditions such as critical theory, psychoanalysis, or existentialism. The Frankfurt School is often described as neo-Marxist. [34] [35]
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The claim: Image shows Kamala Harris' Communist Party membership card. An Aug. 27 Facebook post (direct link, archive link) shows a document with Russian writing and a picture of a young Vice ...
Cover of patriotic CPUSA "penny pamphlet" from "Communism is 20th Century Americanism" campaign of late 1930s. While Earl Browder was one of the top leaders of American communism during the so-called Third Period of the early 1930s, he came into his own during the interval which followed, the era of the popular front against fascism.
Reed was the international delegate of the former, wrote its manifesto and platform, edited its paper, The Voice of Labor, and was denounced as "Jack the Liar" in the Communist Party organ, The Communist. Reed's writings of 1919 displayed doubts about Western-style democracy and defended the dictatorship of the proletariat. He believed this was ...
Twentieth Century Communism is a bi-annual peer-reviewed academic journal for "an international forum for the latest research" focusing on the "Russian revolution (1917–1991) and on the activities of communist parties themselves" but extending to antecedents, rivals (including political groups and nation states), and cultural and political influences.