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  2. Base64 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64

    Because Base64 is a six-bit encoding, and because the decoded values are divided into 8-bit octets, every four characters of Base64-encoded text (4 sextets = 4 × 6 = 24 bits) represents three octets of unencoded text or data (3 octets = 3 × 8 = 24 bits). This means that when the length of the unencoded input is not a multiple of three, the ...

  3. Variable-length quantity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_quantity

    A variable-length quantity (VLQ) is a universal code that uses an arbitrary number of binary octets (eight-bit bytes) to represent an arbitrarily large integer.A VLQ is essentially a base-128 representation of an unsigned integer with the addition of the eighth bit to mark continuation of bytes.

  4. Comparison of data-serialization formats - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_data...

    ^ ASN.1 has X.681 (Information Object System), X.682 (Constraints), and X.683 (Parameterization) that allow for the precise specification of open types where the types of values can be identified by integers, by OIDs, etc. OIDs are a standard format for globally unique identifiers, as well as a standard notation ("absolute reference") for ...

  5. Type–length–value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type–length–value

    The type and length are fixed in size (typically 1–4 bytes), and the value field is of variable size. These fields are used as follows: Type A binary code, often simply alphanumeric, which indicates the kind of field that this part of the message represents; Length The size of the value field (typically in bytes); Value

  6. Binary-to-text encoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding

    The ASCII text-encoding standard uses 7 bits to encode characters. With this it is possible to encode 128 (i.e. 2 7) unique values (0–127) to represent the alphabetic, numeric, and punctuation characters commonly used in English, plus a selection of Control characters which do not represent printable characters.

  7. Computer number format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_number_format

    On most modern computers, this is an eight bit string. Because the definition of a byte is related to the number of bits composing a character, some older computers have used a different bit length for their byte. [2] In many computer architectures, the byte is the smallest addressable unit, the atom of addressability, say. For example, even ...

  8. X.690 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.690

    The canonical encoding rules is more suitable than the distinguished encoding rules if there is a need to encode values that are so large that they cannot readily fit into the available memory or it is necessary to encode and transmit a part of a value before the entire value is available. The basic encoding rules is more suitable than the ...

  9. Action Message Format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_Message_Format

    The values of that byte are as below (for AMF0): Number - 0x00 (Encoded as IEEE 64-bit double-precision floating point number) Boolean - 0x01 (Encoded as a single byte of value 0x00 or 0x01) String - 0x02 (16-bit integer string length with UTF-8 string) Object - 0x03 (Set of key/value pairs) Null - 0x05; ECMA Array - 0x08 (32-bit entry count)