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MRSA is responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. It caused more than 100,000 deaths worldwide attributable to antimicrobial resistance in 2019. MRSA is any strain of S. aureus that has developed (through natural selection) or acquired (through horizontal gene transfer) a multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.
A reference range is usually defined as the set of values 95 percent of the normal population falls within (that is, 95% prediction interval). [2] It is determined by collecting data from vast numbers of laboratory tests.
An estimated 21% to 30% of the human population are long-term carriers of S. aureus, [2] [3] which can be found as part of the normal skin microbiota, in the nostrils, [2] [4] and as a normal inhabitant of the lower reproductive tract of females.
ST8:USA300 is a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that has emerged as a particularly antibiotic resistant epidemic that is responsible for rapidly progressive, fatal diseases including necrotizing pneumonia, severe sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. [1]
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
This test was recommended the standard by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute in 2004 for its use against MRSA. [3] Testing for inducible clindamycin resistance is typically performed in strains of Staphylococcus , β-hemolytic streptococci, and Streptococcus pneumoniae that demonstrate erythromycin resistance and clindamycin ...
Although antibiotic sensitivity testing is done in a laboratory , the information provided about this is often clinically relevant to the antibiotics in a person . [36] Sometimes, a decision must be made for some bacteria as to whether they are the cause of an infection, or simply commensal bacteria or contaminants, [ 28 ] such as ...
The review showed that the most useful finding is an increase in the level of pain [likelihood ratio (LR) range, 11–20] makes infection much more likely, but the absence of pain (negative likelihood ratio range, 0.64–0.88) does not rule out infection (summary LR 0.64–0.88).