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Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a human neutrophil ingesting MRSA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans.
This test was recommended the standard by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute in 2004 for its use against MRSA. [3] Testing for inducible clindamycin resistance is typically performed in strains of Staphylococcus , β-hemolytic streptococci, and Streptococcus pneumoniae that demonstrate erythromycin resistance and clindamycin ...
Depending upon the type of infection present, an appropriate specimen is obtained accordingly and sent to the laboratory for definitive identification by using biochemical or enzyme-based tests. A Gram stain is first performed to guide the way, which should show typical gram-positive bacteria, cocci, in clusters.
ST8:USA300 is a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that has emerged as a particularly antibiotic resistant epidemic that is responsible for rapidly progressive, fatal diseases including necrotizing pneumonia, severe sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. [1]
MRSA ST398 is a clonal complex 398 (CC398). This means that the strain had emerged in a human clinic, without any obvious or understandable causes. MRSA ST398, a specific strain of MRSA, is commonly found in livestock, and can cause infections in humans who come into contact with infected animals. [1]
An MSA plate with Micrococcus sp. (1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2) and S. aureus colonies (3).. Mannitol salt agar or MSA is a commonly used selective and differential growth medium in microbiology.
PVL is expressed in Staphylococcus aureus (shown x 50,000). Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin—one of the β-pore-forming toxins.The presence of PVL is associated with increased virulence of certain strains (isolates) of Staphylococcus aureus.
All aspects of the Kirby–Bauer procedure are standardized to ensure consistent and accurate results. Because of this, a laboratory must adhere to these standards. The media used in Kirby–Bauer testing must be Mueller–Hinton agar at only 4 mm deep, poured into either 100 mm or 150 mm Petri dishes.