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Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate , and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester ) as a substrate.
Coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a β-mercaptoethylamine group linked to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) through an amide linkage [3] and 3'-phosphorylated ADP. The acetyl group (indicated in blue in the structural diagram on the right) of acetyl-CoA is linked to the sulfhydryl substituent of the β-mercaptoethylamine group.
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The role of the ACS enzyme is to combine acetate and Coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA, however its significance is much larger. The most well known function of the product from this enzymatic reaction is the use of acetyl-CoA in the role of the TCA cycle as well as in the production of fatty acid.
While over 20 amino acids can be found in the active site, amino acids Tyr 89, Arg 90, Gly 136, Val 138, Asp 167, Gly 168, Ala 169, Asn, 196, and His 263 actually participate in hydrogen bonding to hold TPP and pyruvate (not shown here) in the active site. The amino acids are shown as wires, and the TPP is in ball and stick form.
In biochemistry, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase or HMG-CoA synthase EC 2.3.3.10 is an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction in which acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). This reaction comprises the second step in the mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway.
Textbook of Biochemistry is divided into the following chapters: [2] Introduction; Introduction to the concept of biochemistry, and a review of catalytic reactions and pH. Food-Stuffs, Their Derivatives and Related Substances. Ideas regarding carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The Chemistry of Digestion, the Circulation, and the Excreto.
Biochemistry is a common university textbook used for teaching of biochemistry. It was initially written by Lubert Stryer and published by W. H. Freeman in 1975. [1] [2] [3] It has been published in regular editions since. [4] [5] [6] It is commonly used as an undergraduate teaching textbook or reference work. [7] [8]