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Projected global surface temperature changes relative to 1850–1900, based on CMIP6 multi-model mean changes. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report defines global mean surface temperature (GMST) as the "estimated global average of near-surface air temperatures over land and sea ice, and sea surface temperature (SST) over ice-free ocean regions, with changes normally expressed as departures from a ...
One of the most important applications of thermal remote sensing in earth sciences is to calculate the Land Surface Temperature (LST). LST is a measurement of how hot the land is to the touch. It differs from air temperature (the temperature given in weather reports) because land heats and cools more quickly than air. [15]
Surface temperature is the temperature at a surface. Specifically, it may refer to: Near-surface air temperature, the temperature of the air near the surface of the ...
Land surface temperature anomalies for a given month compared to the long-term average temperature of that month between 2000-2008. [ 7 ] Sea surface temperature anomalies for a given month compared to the long-term average temperature of that month from 1985 through 1997.
The temperature of the air near the surface of the Earth is measured at meteorological observatories and weather stations, usually using thermometers placed in a shelter such as a Stevenson screen—a standardized, well-ventilated, white-painted instrument shelter. The thermometers should be positioned 1.25–2 m above the ground.
Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions and transfer of radiative energy between the atmosphere, [42] oceans, land surface and ice through a series of physics equations. They are used for a variety of purposes, from the study of the dynamics of the weather and climate system to projections of future climate.
For example, in a scenario where the actual temperature is 10 degrees but the "feels like" temperature is -5 degrees, what that really means is that the wind chill is making it feel as if the air ...
As the temperature of the surface of the land rises, the land heats the air above it. The less dense warm air rises, which lowers the sea level pressure by about 0.2%. The cooler air above the sea, with higher sea level pressure, flows towards the land into the area of lower pressure, creating a cooler breeze near the coast.