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Surface/cloud temperature 21 3.929–3.989 1000 22 3.929–3.989 1000 23 4.020–4.080 1000 24 4.433–4.498 1000 Atmospheric temperature 25 4.482–4.549 1000 26 1.360–1.390 1000 Cirrus clouds water vapor 27 6.535–6.895 1000 28 7.175–7.475 1000 29 8.400–8.700 1000 Cloud properties 30 9.580–9.880 1000 Ozone 31 10.780–11.280 1000
The hottest land surface on Earth recorded by the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer installed on NASA's Aqua satellite from 2003 to 2010 was in Dasht-e Lut, with land surface temperatures reaching 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), though the air temperature is cooler, ranging from 45 °C (113 °F) to 55 °C (131 °F) in the daytime during summer.
Land surface temperature anomalies for a given month compared to the long-term average temperature of that month between 2000-2008. [ 7 ] Sea surface temperature anomalies for a given month compared to the long-term average temperature of that month from 1985 through 1997.
Thermal remote sensing from satellites to derive land surface temperatures has a long history that can be traced back to the TIROS-II satellite, launched in the early 60s. [17] From the outset certain problems were recognised when deriving temperatures over the land, most notably the low temperatures observed over deserts.
Projected global surface temperature changes relative to 1850–1900, based on CMIP6 multi-model mean changes. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report defines global mean surface temperature (GMST) as the "estimated global average of near-surface air temperatures over land and sea ice, and sea surface temperature (SST) over ice-free ocean regions, with changes normally expressed as departures from a ...
An image of global sea surface temperatures acquired from the NOAA/ AVHRR satellite. The Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument is a space-borne sensor that measures the reflectance of the Earth in five spectral bands that are relatively wide by today's standards.
The global average covers 97-98% of Earth's surface, excluding only latitudes above +85 degrees, below -85 degrees and, in the cases of TLT and TMT, some areas with land above 1500 m altitude. The hemispheric averages are over the northern and southern hemispheres 0 to +/-85 degrees. The gridded data provide an almost global temperature map. [3]
It takes simultaneous measurements of Earth's atmosphere, land, and water to understand how Earth is changing and to identify the consequences for life on Earth. [1] It is the flagship of the Earth Observing System (EOS) and the first satellite of the system which was followed by Aqua (launched in 2002) and Aura (launched in 2004). Terra was ...