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Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices.It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism, agnosticism, religious skepticism, rationalism, secularism, and non-religious spirituality.
The words gullible and credulous are commonly used as synonyms. Goepp & Kay (1984) state that while both words mean "unduly trusting or confiding", gullibility stresses being duped or made a fool of, suggesting a lack of intelligence, whereas credulity stresses uncritically forming beliefs, suggesting a lack of skepticism. [4]
Credulity is a person's willingness or ability to believe that a statement is true, especially on minimal or uncertain evidence. [1] [2] Credulity is not necessarily a belief in something that may be false: the subject of the belief may even be correct, but a credulous person will believe it without good evidence.
The Buddha said that devas (translated as "gods") do exist, but they were regarded as still being trapped in samsara, [3] and are not necessarily wiser than humans. In fact, the Buddha is often portrayed as a teacher of the gods, [4] and superior to them. [5]
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Panorama of Humbug. No. 1, making fun of Phineas T. Barnum and Jenny Lind LCCN 2004-665373 Humbugging, or raising the Devil, 1800. Rowlandson's humbugging depicts the public as a credulous simpleton being distracted by a display of "the miraculous", the better to have his pockets picked.
Clifford's principle holds that it is immoral for individuals, no matter of circumstances, to believe anything without sufficient evidence.While this principle has existed for centuries, it only became prominent in the minds of the common people after the ethics of belief debate in the 19th century [1] between W.K. Clifford and William James, with Clifford articulating the principle in his now ...
De contemptu mundi (On Contempt for the World) is the most well-known work of Bernard of Cluny.It is a 3,000 verse poem of stinging satire directed against the secular and religious failings he observed in the world around him.