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The determination of the day of the week for any date may be performed with a variety of algorithms. In addition, perpetual calendars require no calculation by the user, and are essentially lookup tables. A typical application is to calculate the day of the week on which someone was born or a specific event occurred.
The number of days between two dates, which is simply the difference in their Julian day numbers. The dates of moveable holidays, like Christian Easter (the calculation is known as Computus) followed up by Ascension Thursday and Pentecost or Advent Sundays, or the Jewish Passover, for a given year. Converting a date between different calendars.
In order to correct for calendar drift, 10 days were skipped, so doomsday moved back 10 days (i.e. 3 days): Thursday, October 4 (Julian, doomsday is Wednesday) was followed by Friday, October 15 (Gregorian, doomsday is Sunday). The table includes Julian calendar years, but the algorithm is for the Gregorian and proleptic Gregorian calendar only.
These formulas are based on the observation that the day of the week progresses in a predictable manner based upon each subpart of that date. Each term within the formula is used to calculate the offset needed to obtain the correct day of the week. For the Gregorian calendar, the various parts of this formula can therefore be understood as follows:
Leap years have two letters, so for January and February calculate the day of the week for January 1 and for March to December calculate the day of the week for October 1. Leap years are all years that divide exactly by four, with the following exceptions: Gregorian calendar – all years divisible by 100, except those that divide exactly by 400.
Rata Die (R.D.) is a system for assigning numbers to calendar days (optionally with time of day), independent of any calendar, for the purposes of calendrical calculations. It was named (after the Latin ablative feminine singular for "from a fixed date") by Howard Jacobson. [1] [2]
Knuckles are counted as 31 days, depressions between knuckles as 30 (or 28/29) days. One starts with the little finger knuckle as January, and one finger or depression at a time is counted towards the index finger knuckle (July), saying the months while doing so.
The day of the week for these days are related to the "Doomsday" algorithm, which calculates the weekday that the last day of February falls on. The dates listed in the table are all one day after the Doomsday, except that in January and February of leap years the dates themselves are Doomsdays.