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The L2 motivational self system forms links with conceptualizations of L2 motivation by Noels (2003) [15] and Ushioda (2001). [16] This motivational self system has three components: the ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, and L2 learning experience. [17] The ideal L2 self is a person's imagined ideal future self as a second language speaker. [4]
Motivating language theory (ML) is an academic theory within the broader field of communication. The theory was originally proposed by J. Sullivan in 1988 as a framework for studying effective communication from leaders to followers. [ 1 ]
Dörnyei suggests five ways a teacher can build initial motivation in second language learning: (1) promoting language-related values and the benefits of knowing a second language; (2) increasing the expectancy of success; (3) encouraging goal setting; (4) ensuring teaching materials are relevant to learners; and (5) establishing realistic ...
Internal resources are the motivational factors of the language learners, while the language teacher or the environment are examples of the external resources. The growth is described as an iterative process in second language development and it is often modelled by using coupled-equation models (logistic equation).
An example of the hugging strategy is when a student practices teaching a lesson or when a student role plays with another student. These examples encourage critical thinking that engages the student and helps them understand what they are learning—one of the goals of transfer of learning [24] and desirable difficulties.
The bulk of the text discusses examples of teaching English as a foreign language in various contexts. Example contexts studied in the book include national settings like Senegal, Egypt, Argentina Turkey, Ukraine, Estonia and Vietnam. [2] [3] It ends with conclusions around "English as a global language", teaching, teachers, and other topics. [4]
Structural items are grammatical points about the language. CL teachers frequently introduce these as examples or model sentences, and they are often called “patterns”. Phonological items are features of the sound system of the language, including intonation, word stress, rhythm and register. A common way to teach phonology is simply to ...
Many academic definitions of motivation have been proposed but there is little consensus on its precise characterization. [15] This is partly because motivation is a complex phenomenon with many aspects and different definitions often focus on different aspects. [16] Some definitions emphasize internal factors.