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A cognitive distortion is a thought that causes a person to perceive reality inaccurately due to being exaggerated or irrational. Cognitive distortions are involved in the onset or perpetuation of psychopathological states, such as depression and anxiety. [1]
In psychology and cognitive science, a memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory. There are many types of memory bias, including:
A continually evolving list of cognitive biases has been identified over the last six decades of research on human judgment and decision-making in cognitive science, social psychology, and behavioral economics. The study of cognitive biases has practical implications for areas including clinical judgment, entrepreneurship, finance, and management.
The right hemisphere, particularly frontal right hemisphere circuits, [7] is involved in processing self-related stimuli and helps one recognize a picture or reflection of oneself. [8] An impairment in the right hemisphere, the likely source of the "self" in the brain, can inhibit one's ability to recognize faces, especially one's own.
Cognitive restructuring (CR) is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts known as cognitive distortions, [1] such as all-or-nothing thinking (splitting), magical thinking, overgeneralization, magnification, [1] and emotional reasoning, which are commonly associated with many mental health disorders. [2]
Cognitive dissonance – Stress from contradiction between beliefs and actions; Just-world fallacy – Hypothesis that a person's actions will have morally fair and fitting consequences; List of cognitive biases; False consensus effect – Attributional type of cognitive bias
Verbal statements, false information, and the patient's unawareness of the distortion are all associated with this phenomenon. Personality structure also plays a role in confabulation. Numerous theories have been developed to explain confabulation. Neuropsychological theories suggest that cognitive dysfunction causes the distortion.
Fact distortion results in a type of choice-supportive bias when the facts belonging to the chosen option are remembered in a distorted manner. [1] The distortion refers to the objective values and/or features of the chosen option being misremembered in a more preferential way to their actual values.