Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
1638 — Robert Fludd the first thermoscope showing a scale and thus constituting a thermometer. 1643 — Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer 1654 — Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany , made sealed tubes part filled with alcohol , with a bulb and stem, the first modern-style thermometer, depending on the ...
1824 – Sadi Carnot analyzes the efficiency of steam engines using caloric theory; he develops the notion of a reversible process and, in postulating that no such thing exists in nature, lays the foundation for the second law of thermodynamics, and initiating the science of thermodynamics
A thermoscope is a device that shows changes in temperature. A typical design is a tube in which a liquid rises and falls as the temperature changes.
The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general. Due to the relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, magnetism, and chemical kinetics, to more distant applied fields such as ...
The first clear diagram of a thermoscope was published in 1617 by Giuseppe Biancani (1566 – 1624); [2]: 10 the first showing a scale and thus constituting a thermometer was by Santorio Santorio in 1625. [5] This was a vertical tube, closed by a bulb of air at the top, with the lower end opening into a vessel of water.
Attempts at standardized temperature measurement prior to the 17th century were crude at best. For instance in 170 AD, physician Claudius Galenus [1]: 18 mixed equal portions of ice and boiling water to create a "neutral" temperature standard.
The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...
The following is a timeline of low-temperature technology and cryogenic technology (refrigeration down to close to absolute zero, i.e. –273.15 °C, −459.67 °F or 0 K). [1] It also lists important milestones in thermometry , thermodynamics , statistical physics and calorimetry , that were crucial in development of low temperature systems.