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In this case the conductivity of purified water often is 10 to 20 times higher. A discussion can be found below. Typical drinking water is in the range of 200–800 μS/cm, while sea water is about 50 mS/cm [3] (or 0.05 S/cm). Conductivity is traditionally determined by connecting the electrolyte in a Wheatstone bridge.
The siemens (symbol: S) is the unit of electric conductance, electric susceptance, and electric admittance in the International System of Units (SI). Conductance, susceptance, and admittance are the reciprocals of resistance, reactance, and impedance respectively; hence one siemens is equal to the reciprocal of one ohm (Ω −1) and is also referred to as the mho.
where TDS is expressed in mg/L and EC is the electrical conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 °C. The conversion factor k e varies between 0.55 and 0.8. [5] Some TDS meters use an electrical conductivity measurement to the ppm using the above formula. Regarding units, 1 ppm indicates 1 mg of dissolved solids per 1,000 g of water. [6]
The conductivity of ultra pure water is almost close to zero(as low as 0.05 microsiemens/cm), while with addition of even 1 ppm of any salt, the conductivity can shoot up to even more than 100 micro siemens/cm. Thus conductivity is a very good general purpose watch dog which can give a quick indication of plant malfunctioning or possible leakages.
The molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution is defined as its conductivity divided by its molar concentration. [1] [2] =, where: κ is the measured conductivity (formerly known as specific conductance), [3] c is the molar concentration of the electrolyte.
Absolutely pure water has a conductivity of 0.05501 μS/cm and a resistivity of 18.18 MΩ⋅cm at 25 °C, the most common reference temperature to which these measurements are compensated. An example of the sensitivity to contamination of these measurements is that 0.1 ppb of sodium chloride raises the conductivity of pure water to 0.05523 μS ...