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Fish are preserved through such traditional methods as drying, smoking, and salting. [1] A whole potato, sliced pieces (right), and dried sliced pieces (left), 1943. Food drying is a method of food preservation in which food is dried (dehydrated or desiccated). Drying inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and mold through the removal of water.
The water content of food is usually very high, typically 80–95% for various fruits and vegetables and 50–75% for various meats. Removing moisture from food restrains various bacteria from growing and spoiling food, as well as dramatically reducing the weight and often the volume of the food, making it easier to store.
Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed, either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia , and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value ...
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Fresh fruit is frozen and placed in a drying chamber under a vacuum. Heat is applied, and water evaporates from the fruit while it is still frozen. [14] The fruit becomes very light and crispy and retains much of its original flavor. Dried fruit is widely used by the confectionery, baking, and sweets industries.
Preserving fruit by turning it into jam, for example, involves boiling (to reduce the fruit's moisture content and to kill bacteria, etc.), sugaring (to prevent their re-growth) and sealing within an airtight jar (to prevent recontamination). Different food preservation methods have different impacts on the quality of the food and food systems.
Curing can be traced back to antiquity, and was the primary method of preserving meat and fish until the late 19th century. Dehydration was the earliest form of food curing. [ 1 ] Many curing processes also involve smoking , spicing , cooking , or the addition of combinations of sugar , nitrate , and nitrite .
Sugaring is a food preservation method similar to pickling.Sugaring is the process of desiccating a food by first dehydrating it, then packing it with pure sugar. This sugar can be crystalline in the form of table or raw sugar, or it can be dense liquid saturated with sugar such as honey, syrup or molasses.