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Americanization in election campaign communication contains different characteristics concerning the levels of campaigning. The main aspect is the modification of political action towards the logic of media, as happened in American election campaigns. This means for example that politicians fit their appearance to the rules of television. [4]
A 2018 study in the American Political Science Review found that campaigns have "an average effect of zero in general elections". [29] [30] The study found two instances where campaigning was effective: "First, when candidates take unusually unpopular positions and campaigns invest unusually heavily in identifying persuadable voters. Second ...
June Woong Rhee, e.g., makes use of two kinds of experiments in his study on framing effects in election campaign news coverage. [41] To examine the influence of framing effects on voters' interpretation of campaigns, a broadcast-print experiment and a broadcast-only experiment were conducted.
The development of election campaign communication can be divided in three phases, a traditional, party-centered period after World War II, a media-centered, personalizing and professionalizing modern period from the 1960s to the 1980s and a still emerging postmodern phase or period of political marketing, characterized by marketing-logics, fragmentation of voter groups, negativity and new ...
Political communication is the study of political messaging that is communicated, usually to the public e.g. political campaigns, speeches and political advertising, often concerning the mass media. [1] It is an interdisciplinary field that draws from communication and political science.
Therefore, for political campaigns to truly reach as many people as possible, political groups first need to get those three users talking about their campaigns on social media. [50] With the many ways social media can be used in political campaigns, many U.S. social media users claim they are drained by the influx of political content in their ...
In the study of politics, priming effects have been primarily studied with relation to the media and political campaigns. In 1987, Shanto Iyengar and Donald Kinder published News That Matters: Televised and American Opinion. [30] This work reported the results of a series experiments designed to assess the role of the media on political attitudes.
The Second American Party System: Party Formation in the Jacksonian Era (University of North Carolina Press, 1966). McGerr, Michael E. The Decline of Popular Politics: The American North, 1865-1928 (1988) Maisel, L. Sandy, ed. (1991). Political Parties & Elections in the United States: An Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. Morgan, H. Wayne (1969).