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Quercus ilex, the holm oak, [2] [3] also (ambiguously, as many oaks are evergreen) evergreen oak, [4] is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the section Ilex of the genus, [ 5 ] [ 6 ] with acorns that mature in a single summer.
The forests vary in species composition with elevation and soils.. Lower elevation forests are dominated by sclerophyllous evergreen oaks, including holm oak Quercus ilex, often on limestone-derived soils, and cork oak Quercus suber, often on soils derived from volcanic rocks.
Quercus sect. Ilex was first established by John Claudius Loudon in 1838. It has also been treated as a subgenus, under the name Quercus subg. Heterobalanus Oerst., and as subsection. Members may be called ilex oaks. [1] Like all species of Quercus, those of section Ilex are trees or shrubs with acorn-like fruit.
Holm oak may refer to: . Quercus ilex, tree native to South and Southeast Europe and parts of France; Quercus rotundifolia, tree native to the Iberian Peninsula and Northwest Africa
Quercus rotundifolia is a medium to large tree, usually 8–12 m (26–39 ft) in height, but can reach up to 15 m (49 ft) with a large, dense, rounded canopy. It has small, leathery, dark-green leaves with a glaucous , densely pubescent underside usually suborbicular to elliptical or lanceolate and are generally spiny to dentate on a younger tree.
In the 1700s, a young botanist scandalized some by discussing “birds and bees” of pollination, and awarding Latin names to plants and animals.
The ecoregion's plant communities include: Evergreen oak forests, with cork oak (Quercus suber) and holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia) as the predominant canopy trees, and an evergreen understory of low trees and high shrubs that include Laurus nobilis, Arbutus unedo, Erica arborea, Erica scoparia, Ilex aquifolium, Phillyrea latifolia, Phillyrea angustifolia, Viburnum tinus, Cytisus villosus, and ...
Forests of Holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia) form natural forests in most of the Mediterranean region as well as penetrating into the warmer sun-exposed areas and hillsides of the Atlantic region; they extend from sea level, with the subspecies ilex, to an elevation of 1400 metres, in some mountains and high plains of the interior; in the ...