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An unusual side effect of digoxin is a disturbance of color vision (mostly yellow and green) called xanthopsia. Vincent van Gogh's "Yellow Period" may have somehow been influenced by concurrent digitalis therapy. Other oculotoxic effects of digoxin include generalized blurry vision, as well as seeing a "halo" around each point of light.
Cyanopsia is a rare visual phenomenon characterized by a blue tint to vision. Most commonly associated with cataract surgery and certain medications, such as sildenafil , cyanopsia is typically a temporary side effect rather than a standalone disease.
Common side effects include blurry vision, increased intraocular pressure, and sensitivity to light. [3] Another rare but severe side effect is psychosis, particularly in children. [3] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus. [5] Tropicamide is in the antimuscarinic part of the anticholinergic family of medications. [3]
Digoxin is a medication used for heart failure or atrial fibrillation. [3] An electrocardiogram is a routine part of diagnosis. [2] Blood levels are only useful more than six hours following the last dose. [1] Activated charcoal may be used if it can be given within two hours of the person taking the medication. [1]
Alcohol intoxication can cause blurred vision. Use of cycloplegic drugs like atropine [4] or other anticholinergics cause visual blur due to paralysis of accommodation. [3] Cataracts: Cloudiness over the eye's lens, cause blurring of vision, halos around lights, and sensitivity to glare. [5] It is also the main cause of blindness worldwide. [2]
Common side effects include eye discomfort, eye redness, taste changes, and blurry vision. [3] Serious side effects may include allergic reactions and heart failure. [3] Use is not recommended in those with asthma, a sulfonamide allergy, or a slow heart rate. [3] [7] Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and timolol is a beta blocker. [3]
Recently, central serous chorioretinopathy has been understood to be part of the pachychoroid spectrum. [5] [6] In pachychoroid spectrum disorders, of which CSR represents stage II, the choroid, the highly vascularized layer below the retina, is thickened and congested with increased blood vessel diameter, especially in the deep choroid (the so-called Haller's layer).
Common symptoms include blurred vision, dark spots in the vision, and even blindness in severe cases. [28] The exact mechanisms nicotine causes retinopathy are not fully understood. However, it is believed that nicotine can cause oxidative stress and inflammation , leading to ocular vascular damage. [ 29 ]