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Relationships within Ctenophora (2017). [ 13 ] Since all modern ctenophores except the beroids have cydippid-like larvae, it has widely been assumed that their last common ancestor also resembled cydippids, having an egg-shaped body and a pair of retractable tentacles.
The relationship of Parahoxozoa relative to the two other animal lineages Ctenophora and Porifera is debated. Some phylogenomic studies have presented evidence supporting Ctenophora as the sister to Parahoxozoa and Porifera as the sister group to the rest of animals (e.g. [2] [3] [4]).
Mertensia ovum, also known as the Arctic comb jelly or sea nut, is a cydippid comb jelly or ctenophore first described as Beroe ovum by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1780. It is the only species in the genus Mertensia.
A beroid ctenophore with mouth gaping at left. Beroidae is a family of ctenophores or comb jellies more commonly referred to as the beroids. It is the only known family within the monotypic order Beroida and the class Nuda. They are distinguished from other comb jellies by the complete absence of tentacles, in both juvenile and adult stages.
Abyssal comb jelly (Beroe abyssicola) swimmingBeroe abyssicola is a ctenophore with a flexible, highly muscular body. Being a predator, B. abyssicola uses its muscular body along with its ctene rows to swim and capture its prey, and uses its wide mouth to swallow its prey whole. [2]
Ctenophore bodies are made up of a gelatin substance, similar to Cnidarians, but the multiple rows of combs present in fossil records are unique to ctenophores. [7] Records of Euplokamis sp. indicate they are distributed widely around the world, but are most often found in warm coastal waters. [ 8 ]
Platyctenida is the only benthic group of organisms in the phylum Ctenophora. Platyctenida are considered to be a phylogenetically young group along with the orders Lobata and Beroida and are believed to have stemmed from an ancestral version of the order Cydippida, after some kind of bottleneck effect in the phylum.
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