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  2. Avesta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avesta

    When the first Khordeh Avesta editions were printed in the 19th century, these texts (together with some non-Avestan language prayers) became a book of common prayer for lay people. [6] The term Avesta originates from the 9th/10th-century works of Zoroastrian tradition in which the word appears as Middle Persian abestāg, [8] [9] Book Pahlavi ...

  3. Avestan period - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_period

    Verses of the Avesta (Yasna 28.1) in the Avestan script. The primary source for the Avestan period are the texts of the Avesta, i.e., the collection of canonical texts of Zoroastrianism. All material in the Avesta is composed in Avestan, an otherwise unattested Old Iranian language.

  4. Karl Friedrich Geldner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Geldner

    Geldner's first significant publication, though made public only in 1877, was written while he was still a doctoral student. The essay, which was in its expanded and published form titled Über die Metrik des jüngeren Avesta ("On the meter of the Younger Avesta"), was originally an answer to a prize essay question posed by the University of Tübingen's Faculty of Philosophy.

  5. Zoroastrian literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrian_literature

    Zoroastrian literature is the corpus of literary texts produced within the religious tradition of Zoroastrianism.These texts span the languages of Avestan, named after the famous Zoroastrian work known as the Avesta, and Middle Persian (Pahlavi), which includes a range of Middle Persian literature.

  6. Vendidad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendidad

    The name of the texts is a contraction of the Avestan language Vî-Daêvô-Dāta, "Given Against the Daevas (Demons)", and as the name suggests, the Vendidad is an enumeration of various manifestations of evil spirits, and ways to confound them.

  7. Avestan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan

    Avestan (/ ə ˈ v ɛ s t ən / ə-VESS-tən) [1] is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. [2] It was originally spoken during the Old Iranian period (c. 1500 – 400 BCE) [3] [f 1] by the Iranians living in the eastern portion of Greater Iran.

  8. Ashem Vohu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashem_Vohu

    In the latter case it acquires the meaning of possession, comparable to the English noun good in the sense of item of merchandise. The first line can therefore mean both "asha is the best possession" or "asha [is] good, it is best." The term uštā is equally ambiguous. It can be derived from ušta (desired things) or from ušti (desire).

  9. Avestan geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_geography

    Avestan geography refers to the investigation of place names in the Avesta and the attempt to connect them to real-world geographical sites. [1] [2] It is connected to but different from the cosmogony expressed in the Avesta, where place names primarily refer to mythical events or a cosmological order.