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The Shanghai massacre of 12 April 1927, the April 12 Purge or the April 12 Incident as it is commonly known in China, was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organizations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supporting General Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party or KMT).
It began when the Shanghai Municipal Police opened fire on Chinese protesters in Shanghai's International Settlement on 30 May 1925 (the Shanghai massacre of 1925). The shootings sparked international censure and nationwide anti-foreign demonstrations and riots [ 1 ] such as the Hands Off China protests in the United Kingdom.
During a general strike on March 22, 1927, Chen Duxiu and Zhou Enlai [3] would lead a group of 5,000 armed workers in the city's third armed uprising. [1] After seizing the city by 6pm, they, along with Soviets organized by strikers, established the Shanghai Provisional Municipal Government along the lines of the Paris Commune. [4]
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Shanghai massacre of 1927: 1927, 12 April Shanghai: 1200 300–400 direct deaths. Five thousand missing Autumn Harvest Uprising: September 7, 1927 Hunan, Jiangxi and Hubei 390,000 Kuomintang anti-communist massacre: 1928 Nationwide in China: 40,643~310,000 [20] Muslim massacres of Tibetans in Jonê and Xiahe: 1928 Jonê County and Xiahe County ...
Furthermore, mostly women worked in these textile factories. [1] Between the early to mid 20th century, an increased number of refugees and migrants came to Shanghai to flee violence and Japanese control. This resulted in competition within the workforce and led to many people being unemployed, especially women.
Wang established the Shanghai Commoners' (Pingmin) Girls' School in 1922, [7] (which attracted Ding Ling, Qian Xijun, Wang Jianhong, and Wang Yizhi). She was the editor of Women's Voice (Funü Sheng; 妇女声), a bimonthly periodical; which pioneered writings on politics by women. She also strongly supported the movement for birth control in ...
On 6 July 1907, Xu Xilin of Guangfuhui led an uprising in Anqing, Anhui, which became known as the Anqing Uprising (安慶起義). [21] Xu Xilin at the time was the police commissioner as well as the supervisor of the police academy. He led an uprising that aimed to assassinate the provincial governor of Anhui, En Ming (恩銘). [55]