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The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. [7] Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. [ 8 ]
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are natural polymers of high molecular weight secreted by microorganisms into their environment. [1] EPSs establish the functional and structural integrity of biofilms , and are considered the fundamental component that determines the physicochemical properties of a biofilm. [ 2 ]
In biology, matrix (pl.: matrices) is the material (or tissue) in between a eukaryotic organism's cells. The structure of connective tissues is an extracellular matrix. Fingernails and toenails grow from matrices. It is found in various connective tissues. It serves as a jelly-like structure instead of cytoplasm in connective tissue.
The basement membrane, also known as base membrane, is a thin, pliable sheet-like type of extracellular matrix that provides cell and tissue support and acts as a platform for complex signalling. [1] [2] The basement membrane sits between epithelial tissues including mesothelium and endothelium, and the underlying connective tissue. [3] [4]
The laminin molecules are named according to their chain composition, e.g. laminin-511 contains α5, β1, and γ1 chains. [3] Fourteen other chain combinations have been identified in vivo. The trimeric proteins intersect, composing a cruciform structure that is able to bind to other molecules of the extracellular matrix and cell membrane. [4]
Ground substance is an amorphous gel-like substance in the extracellular space of animals that contains all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) except for fibrous materials such as collagen and elastin. [1] Ground substance is active in the development, movement, and proliferation of tissues, as well as their metabolism.
The major components of Cultrex BME include laminin, collagen, entactin/nidogen, and heparin sulfate proteoglycans.These components are found in the basement membrane extracellular matrix that forms an interface between stromal tissue and adjacent endothelial, epithelial, muscle, or neuronal cells.
Collagen (/ ˈ k ɒ l ə dʒ ə n /) is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues of many animals. It is the most abundant protein in mammals, [1] making up 25% to 35% of protein content. Amino acids are bound together to form a triple helix of elongated fibril [2] known as a collagen helix.