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Following the settlement of Iceland around the 870s, Iceland lacked a unitary legal system. Already around the year 930, the chiefs of the different regions of Iceland united into a single polity. A people's assembly, the Alþingi , was instituted, meeting annually to exercise both judicial and legislative activities.
The Supreme Court of Iceland (Icelandic: Hæstiréttur Íslands, pronounced [ˈhaistɪˌrjɛhtʏr ˈistlants], lit. ' Highest Court of Iceland ') is the final court of appeal in the judiciary of Iceland. It is also the oldest of the current courts of law in Iceland and the highest of the three Icelandic court branches, the others being the ...
The Constitution of Iceland (Icelandic: Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands "Constitution of the republic of Iceland") is the supreme law of Iceland. It is composed of 80 articles in seven sections, and within it the leadership arrangement of the country is determined and the human rights of its citizens are preserved.
Approximately 1015 a high court called the Fifth Court was established to hear cases left unsettled by the quarter courts. When the Commonwealth came to an end and Icelanders submitted to the authority of the Norwegian king in 1262 the Court of Legislature regained its judicial functions, as the Fifth Court and quarter courts were abolished, and retained some legislative authority.
With the probable exception of hermitic Irish monks known as Papar, Iceland was an uninhabited island until around 874. The Icelandic Commonwealth had a unique political system whereby chieftains (goðar) established a common legal code and settled judicial disputes at the Althing, a national assembly. [1]
The politics of Iceland take place in the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the president is the head of state, while the prime minister of Iceland serves as the head of government in a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
The Danish legal system is a combination of public and civil law. This mix of law suggests that Danish law focuses on societal interests and also that the organs of the state are vested with greater authority than the courts in applying legal frameworks. The legal system primarily consists of statutory regulation, principles and laws.
General Penal Code (Icelandic: Almenn hegningarlög) governs the criminal law in Iceland.The code is passed under Act no.19 and revised acts have been adopted in principal areas of law, such as the Act on Customs and the Act in Respect of Children.