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  2. Negative temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_temperature

    The absolute temperature (Kelvin) scale can be loosely interpreted as the average kinetic energy of the system's particles. The existence of negative temperature, let alone negative temperature representing "hotter" systems than positive temperature, would seem paradoxical in this interpretation.

  3. Negative thermal expansion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_thermal_expansion

    [13] [14] Fairly pure silicon (Si) has a negative coefficient of thermal expansion for temperatures between about 18 K and 120 K. [15] Cubic Scandium trifluoride has this property which is explained by the quartic oscillation of the fluoride ions. The energy stored in the bending strain of the fluoride ion is proportional to the fourth power of ...

  4. Thermodynamic beta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_beta

    SI temperature/coldness conversion scale: Temperatures in Kelvin scale are shown in blue (Celsius scale in green, Fahrenheit scale in red), coldness values in gigabyte per nanojoule are shown in black. Infinite temperature (coldness zero) is shown at the top of the diagram; positive values of coldness/temperature are on the right-hand side ...

  5. Temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature

    Such negative temperatures are hotter than any positive temperature. Over time, when the subsystem is exposed to the rest of the body, which has a positive temperature, energy is transferred as heat from the negative temperature subsystem to the positive temperature system. [101] The kinetic theory temperature is not defined for such subsystems.

  6. Joule–Thomson effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule–Thomson_effect

    In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect or Kelvin–Joule effect) describes the temperature change of a real gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is expanding; typically caused by the pressure loss from flow through a valve or porous plug while keeping it insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment.

  7. Negative temperatures in western PA this weekend, but ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/negative-temperatures-western...

    Ringing in the new year with a mix of cold weather and heavy snow, western Pennsylvania will remain in a cold snap with freezing weather as January ends. Negative temperatures in western PA this ...

  8. Exothermic reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reaction

    In an exothermic reaction, by definition, the enthalpy change has a negative value: ΔH = H products - H reactants < 0. where a larger value (the higher energy of the reactants) is subtracted from a smaller value (the lower energy of the products). For example, when hydrogen burns: 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) → 2H 2 O (g) ΔH⚬ = −483.6 kJ/mol [3]

  9. Convicted felons, such as Trump, can get permits to enter ...

    www.aol.com/convicted-felons-trump-permits-enter...

    The claim: Donald Trump can't travel to Canada because he is a convicted felon. A Dec. 3 Threads post (direct link, archive link) offers a theory as to why Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau ...