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A crossflow head gives better performance than a Reverse-flow cylinder head (though not as good as a uniflow), but the popular explanation put forward for this — that the gases do not have to change direction and hence are moved into and out of the cylinder more efficiently — is a simplification since there is no continuous flow because of valve opening and closing.
The Ford two-liter F2000 engine in stock trim equipped with the head shown above was capable of delivering 115 horsepower at 5500 rpm for a BMEP of 136 psi. Port molds of a highly developed 500 cubic inch aftermarket Pro Stock racing head. Note the height and straightness of the ports, particularly the exhaust port on the left.
Uniflow diesel engine, a two-stroke diesel engine with inlet through piston-ported fixed ports in the lower part of the cylinder, and exhaust through valves in the cylinder head. Opposed-piston diesel engines, where two cylinders share opposite ends of the same cylinder. These use piston-controlled ports for both inlet and exhaust.
Aftermarket port fuel injection and re-engineered cylinder heads have been the norm, although parts for the inline-six, such as aftermarket intake manifolds (from a three-carburetor setup or a single 4-barrel carburetor), exhaust headers, and hybrid cylinder heads based on Chevrolet's small-block engine are costlier than those for the small ...
In sidevalve engines the head is a simple plate of metal containing the spark plugs and possibly heat dissipation fins. In more modern overhead valve and overhead camshaft engines, the head is a more complicated metal block that also contains the inlet and exhaust passages, and often coolant passages , Valvetrain components, and fuel injectors .
Two-stroke engines often have a higher power-to-weight ratio than a four-stroke engine, since their power stroke occurs twice as often. Two-stroke engines can also have fewer moving parts, and thus be cheaper to manufacture and weigh less. In countries and regions with stringent emissions regulation, two-stroke engines have been phased out in ...