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Maropitant (INN; [3] brand name: Cerenia, used as maropitant citrate , is a neurokinin-1 (NK 1) receptor antagonist developed by Zoetis specifically for the treatment of motion sickness and vomiting in dogs. It was approved by the FDA in 2007, for use in dogs [4] [5] and in 2012, for cats. [6]
Fecal vomiting or copremesis is a kind of vomiting wherein the material vomited is of fecal origin. It is a common symptom of gastrojejunocolic fistula and intestinal obstruction in the ileum . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Fecal vomiting is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain , abdominal distension , dehydration , and diarrhea .
Zoetis Inc. (/zō-EH-tis/ [4]) is an American drug company, the world's largest producer of medicine and vaccinations for pets and livestock. [ 5 ] [ 4 ] [ 6 ] The company was a subsidiary of Pfizer , [ 7 ] the world's largest drug maker , but with Pfizer's spinoff of its 83% interest in the firm it is now a completely independent company.
Preliminary clinical data suggests ginger may be effective for treatment of nausea and/or vomiting in a number of settings. [19] [20] [21] Emetrol is also claimed to be an effective antiemetic. Propofol is given intravenously. It has been used in an acute care setting in hospital as a rescue therapy for emesis. [22]
Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists can be administered as a single dose at the end of surgery. Adverse effects include prolongation of the QT interval on electrocardiogram (EKG). Medications include ondansetron, granisetron, and dolasetron. Anticholinergics can be used as a long-acting patch placed behind the patient's ear. Adverse effects ...
Irritation of the GI mucosa by chemotherapy, radiation, distention, or acute infectious gastroenteritis activates the 5-HT 3 receptors of these inputs. The CNS mediates vomiting that arises from psychiatric disorders and stress from higher brain centers. [10] The medulla plays an important role for triggering the vomiting act. [11]
Antiemetic medications may be helpful for treating vomiting in children. Ondansetron has some utility, with a single dose being associated with less need for intravenous fluids, fewer hospitalizations, and decreased vomiting. [55] [66] [67] [68] Metoclopramide might also be helpful. [68]
An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]