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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Punjabi, specifically Standard Punjabi, pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
The pronunciation of ਵ can vary allophonically between [ ~ ] preceding front vowels, and [] elsewhere. [44] [45] The most characteristic feature of the Punjabi language is its tone system. [6] The script has no separate symbol for tones, but they correspond to the tonal consonants that once represented voiced aspirates as well as older *h. [6]
Shahmukhi script is a modified version of the Arabic script's Persian alphabet. It is identical to the Urdu alphabet , but contains additional letters representing the Punjabi phonology . For writing Saraiki , an extended Shahmukhi is used that includes 4 additional letters for the implosive consonants ( ٻ, ڄ, ݙ, ڳ ).
In Pakistan, Punjabi is generally written using the Shahmukhī script, which in literary standards, is identical to the Urdu alphabet, however various attempts have been made to create certain, distinct characters from a modification of the Persian Nastaʿlīq characters to represent Punjabi phonology, not already found in the Urdu alphabet. In ...
Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Punjabi alphabet may refer to the: Gurmukhī alphabet , an Indic script; Shahmukhi ...
The Bharati point, ⠐, is only used to derive one consonant, ਗ਼ ġa /ɣə/, from the base consonant letter ਗ ga /ɡə/.This system also operates in Hindi Braille and Indian Urdu Braille, but the Punjabi Braille alphabet is closer to Indian Urdu, as all other consonants that are pointed in print, such as ਖ਼ xa, are rendered with dedicated letters in braille based on international values.
A fresco from a ‘Samadhi’ depicting ‘Santhiya’ being taught Students of the Sikh University, Damdami Taksal, learning Santhiya. Santhiya or Santhya (Gurmukhi: ਸੰਥਿਆ, romanized: Sathi'ā; 'elocution') is the correct pronunciation (ucharan [1]) of Gurbani, [2] [3] taught in the manner of the 10th Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. [4]
Americanist phonetic notation, also known as the North American Phonetic Alphabet (NAPA), the Americanist Phonetic Alphabet or the American Phonetic Alphabet (APA), is a system of phonetic notation originally developed by European and American anthropologists and language scientists (many of whom were Neogrammarians) for the phonetic and phonemic transcription of indigenous languages of the ...