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In neuroanatomy, the superior frontal gyrus (SFG, also marginal gyrus) is a gyrus – a ridge on the brain's cerebral cortex – which makes up about one third of the frontal lobe. It is bounded laterally by the superior frontal sulcus .
The superior frontal gyrus (SFG) is thought to contribute to higher cognitive functions and particularly to working memory (WM), although the nature of its involvement remains a matter of debate. To resolve this issue, methodological tools such as lesion studies are needed to complement the functional imaging approach.
The superior frontal gyrus is the medial most gyrus of the frontal lobe 's superolateral surface, running from the frontal pole anteriorly, all the way to the precentral sulcus and precentral gyrus posteriorly. Laterally it is bounded by the superior frontal sulcus, which separates it from the middle frontal gyrus.
The frontal lobe exhibits three cortical surfaces: lateral, medial and inferior surfaces. The convexity of the lateral surface presents four important convolutions (gyri), which are the precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus.
The superior frontal gyrus is a region in the prefrontal cortex that plays a regulatory role in mood and cognition. Dysfunction in this area can lead to overactivity of the amygdala, which is associated with heightened fear responses.
Research has shown that the nondominant (right) superior frontal gyrus is involved in impulse control and that its activation modulates inhibitory control and motor urgency. Inferior to the superior frontal gyrus, and separated from it by the superior frontal sulcus, is the middle frontal gyrus.
The superior frontal gyrus runs horizontally, parallel to the falx and interhemispheric fissure. The middle frontal gyrus is the largest of the horizontal gyri, running parallel to the superior frontal gyrus and undulating posteriorly, where it fuses with the precentral gyrus.
The superior frontal gyrus (SFG) is an important region implicated in a variety of tasks including motor movement, working memory, resting-state, and cognitive control. A detailed understanding of the subcortical white matter of the SFG could improve postoperative morbidity related to surgery around this gyrus.
The inferior medial segment of the superior frontal gyrus (imSFG) is the gyrus between the superior rostral sulcus (SRS) and the inferior rostral gyrus (IRS), immediately above the gyrus rectus. This portion is sometimes termed as "rostral gyrus".
The Superior Frontal Gyrus. Anterior to the precentral gyrus, the gross morphology of the lateral surface of the frontal lobe is characterized by three horizontally directed gyri: the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri. The superior frontal sulcus is the lateral limit of the superior frontal gyrus (Figures 26.1, 26.2, and 26.3 ...