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Combination. In mathematics, a combination is a selection of items from a set that has distinct members, such that the order of selection does not matter (unlike permutations). For example, given three fruits, say an apple, an orange and a pear, there are three combinations of two that can be drawn from this set: an apple and a pear; an apple ...
Stars and bars (combinatorics) In the context of combinatorial mathematics, stars and bars (also called "sticks and stones", [ 1 ] "balls and bars", [ 2 ] and "dots and dividers" [ 3 ]) is a graphical aid for deriving certain combinatorial theorems. It can be used to solve many simple counting problems, such as how many ways there are to put n ...
In a typical 6/49 game, each player chooses six distinct numbers from a range of 1–49. If the six numbers on a ticket match the numbers drawn by the lottery, the ticket holder is a jackpot winner— regardless of the order of the numbers. The probability of this happening is 1 in 13,983,816. The chance of winning can be demonstrated as ...
Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1; the larger the probability, the more likely an event is to occur. [note 1] [1] [2] A simple example is the tossing of a fair (unbiased) coin. Since the coin is fair, the ...
Combinatorics is an area of mathematics primarily concerned with counting, both as a means and as an end to obtaining results, and certain properties of finite structures. It is closely related to many other areas of mathematics and has many applications ranging from logic to statistical physics and from evolutionary biology to computer science ...
This would have been the first attempt on record to solve a difficult problem in permutations and combinations. [4] Al-Khalil (717–786), an Arab mathematician and cryptographer, wrote the Book of Cryptographic Messages. It contains the first use of permutations and combinations, to list all possible Arabic words with and without vowels. [5]
Inclusion–exclusion principle. In combinatorics, a branch of mathematics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as. where A and B are two finite sets and | S | indicates the cardinality of a ...
Combinations and permutations in the mathematical sense are described in several articles. Described together, in-depth: Twelvefold way. Explained separately in a more accessible way: Combination. Permutation. For meanings outside of mathematics, please see both words’ disambiguation pages: Combination (disambiguation)