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Ontology is a branch of philosophy and intersects areas such as metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of language, as it considers how knowledge, language, and perception relate to the nature of reality.
Speculative ontology aims to determine which entities actually exist, for example, whether there are numbers or whether time is an illusion. [81] Martin Heidegger proposed fundamental ontology to study the meaning of being. Metaontology studies the underlying concepts, assumptions, and methods of ontology.
In knowledge representation and reasoning, a knowledge graph is a knowledge base that uses a graph-structured data model or topology to represent and operate on data. Knowledge graphs are often used to store interlinked descriptions of entities – objects, events, situations or abstract concepts – while also encoding the free-form semantics ...
In knowledge representation, a class is a collection of individuals or individuals objects. [5] A class can be defined either by extension (specifying members), or by intension (specifying conditions), using what is called in some ontology languages like OWL.
Example of a constructed MBED Top Level Ontology based on the nominal set of views. [1]In computer science, information science and systems engineering, ontology engineering is a field which studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, which encompasses a representation, formal naming and definition of the categories, properties and relations between the concepts, data and ...
In knowledge representation, a class is a collection of individuals or individuals objects. [1] A class can be defined either by extension (specifying members), or by intension (specifying conditions), using what is called in some ontology languages like OWL.
As a higher level abstraction, a conceptualization facilitates the discussion and comparison of its various ontologies, facilitating knowledge sharing and reuse. [7] [8] Each ontology based upon the same overarching conceptualization maps the conceptualization into specific elements and their relationships.
An ontology that includes representations of those semantic primitives could in such a case be used to create logical descriptions of any term that a person may wish to define logically. That ontology would be one form of upper ontology, serving as a logical "interlingua" that can translate ideas in one terminology to its logical equivalent in ...